Comprehensive Immigration Reform in the United States 2013

Immigration reform in the United States is widely used to describe proposals to increase legal immigration while decreasing illegal immigration such as the guest worker proposal supported by George W Bush Illegal immigration is a controversial issue in the United States Proponents of greater immigration enforcement argue that illegal immigrants cost taxpayers an estimated 3383 billion dollars and jeopardize the safety of law enforcement officials and citizens especially along the Mexican border

Former Mexican president Vicente Fox writes that in 2001 President George W Bush and the leadership of both parties of Congress were about to pass significant immigration reform legislation benefiting Mexican emigration to the US

The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 made it illegal to hire or recruit illegal immigrants

In 2006 the US House of Representatives passed the Border Protection Anti-terrorism and Illegal Immigration Control Act of 2005 and in 2006 the US Senate passed the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006 Neither bill became law because their differences could not be reconciled in conference committee The legislative negotiations and national activism behind immigration reform from 2001-2007 is the subject of 12-part documentary film series How Democracy Works Now

In 2009 the immigration reform became a hot topic since the Barack Obama administration recently signaled interest in beginning a discussion on comprehensive immigration reform before years end The proposed comprehensive immigration reform plan had as its goal bipartisan support and includes six sections designed to have something for everyone These six sections are 1 to fix border enforcement 2 interior enforcement such as preventing visa overstays 3 preventing people from working without a work permit 4 creating a committee to adapt the number of visas available to changing economic times 5 an amnesty type of program to legalize undocumented immigrants and 6 programs to help immigrants adjust to life in the United States

A 2010 academic study has shown that when immigration issues receive national media attention established residents living in places that have seen influx of new immigrants suddenly become much more politicized against immigration This suggests that it is not the influx of new residents or new proximity to established residents that stir anti-immigrant sentiments rather resentment is spurred by the heated and prominent nature of the debate itself The study done by Georgetown University and published in the American Political Science Review Politicized Places Explaining Where and When Immigrants Provoke Local Opposition examined more than twelve different surveys relating to immigration and local anti-immigration ordinances spanning the years 1992 to 2009 During a period of high national attention to immigration anti-immigration attitudes among established residents in fast-changing counties increase by 99 The studys author states that ethnic and racial surroundings appear to affect Americans political attitudes far less than previously thought Those who live near larger proportions of immigrants do not consistently exhibit more negative attitudes Rather the author concludes day-to-day encounters can be shaped by salient national